Abstract The image of an athlete's ankle joint injury can help to check whether the athlete's ankle joint is damaged, and plays a very important role in clinical diagnosis. To address the problem of poor segmentation effect of traditional athletes' ankle injury image segmentation algorithm, an ankle injury image segmentation algorithm based on residual double attention U-Net model is proposed. First, the region of interest is extracted from the original ankle injury image. After translation, rotation and turnover, the image data is expanded. Second, the residual structure is used to adjust the gradient propagation and residual feedback of the segmentation framework, extract the attribute information in the region of interest, and combine the two to retain more image features. Finally, combined with the double attention module to improve the weight ratio of image features, the athlete ankle injury image segmentation is realized in the image segmentation framework based on residual double attention U-Net model. The results demonstrate that the maximum values of DSC, ASSD, PM, and CR for the proposed algorithm are 0.93, 0.1, 0.96, and 0.95, respectively, and the F1 score is 95.7%, indicating that the segmentation effect of this algorithm is closer to the theoretical segmentation effect, and higher precision in segmentation, and the segmented image has a high degree of similarity to the original image, resulting in excellent segmentation performance.

Abstract Studies have reported that >91.9% of non-syndromic tooth agenesis cases are caused by seven pathogenic genes. Objective To report novel heterozygous PAX9 variants in a Chinese family with non-syndromic oligodontia and summarize the reported genotype-phenotype relationship of PAX9 variants. Methodology We recruited 28 patients with non-syndromic oligodontia who were admitted to the Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University (China) from 2018 to 2021. Peripheral blood was collected from the probands and their core family members for whole-exome sequencing (WES) and variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the pathogenicity of the variants. SWISS-MODEL homology modeling was used to analyze the three-dimensional structural changes of variant proteins. We also analyzed the genotype-phenotype relationships of PAX9 variants. Results We identified novel compound heterozygous PAX9 variants (reference sequence NM_001372076.1) in a Chinese family with non-syndromic oligodontia: a new missense variant c.1010C>A (p.T337K) in exon 4 and a new frameshift variant c.330_331insGT (p.D113Afs*9) in exon 2, which was identified as the pathogenic variant in this family. This discovery expands the known variant spectrum of PAX9; then, we summarized the phenotypes of non-syndromic oligodontia with PAX9 variants. Conclusion We found that PAX9 variants commonly lead to loss of the second molars.

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the design of a safflower picking robot control system and focuses on a navigation control subsystem based on multisensor fusion. A navigation subsystem, an identification and positioning subsystem, a picking subsystem, and a levelling subsystem are designed. The hardware and software of the navigation subsystem are designed in detail, and a multisensor fusion positioning method based on extended Kalman fusion technology is proposed. The accuracy and stability levels of different combined navigation methods are compared. To test the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method, an outdoor test is carried out. The test results show that the outdoor fusion positioning accuracy of the robot is less than 8 cm, and when the satellite signal is lost, the navigation control subsystem can still provide high positioning accuracy. The final positioning result obtained using the integrated positioning method of the wheel odometer + IMU + DGNSS is approximately 52% higher than that of the odometer, approximately 29% higher than that of the wheel odometer + IMU, and approximately 11% higher than that of the IMU + DGNSS.

ABSTRACT Objectives: The effects of weightlessness on the liver were studied using a tail suspension (TS) male mouse model. Methods: The effects of 0-, 2- and 4-week TS (CON, TS2 and TS4 groups) on glycogen and lipid content, as well as on the molecular processes of the synthesis and degradation pathways, were examined. Results: (1) The number of glycogenosomes under ultrastructure and the glycogen content were considerably larger in the TS4 group than in the other two groups. (2) In the TS4 group, glycogen synthase activity remained constant while glycogen phosphorylase activity dropped, indicating that glycogen breakdown was reduced. (3) The livers of the TS2 group had the highest lipid and triglyceride content, indicating lipid buildup in the liver at this time. (4) In the TS2 group, the activities of the fatty acid synthesis-related factors acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase increased, while hepatic lipase decreased, indicating that lipid synthesis increased, while decomposition decreased. (5) In the TS2 group, the protein expression of glucose transporters 1 and 2 increased. Conclusions: From TS2 weeks to TS4 weeks, the main energy consumption mode in the livers of mice transitioned from glucose metabolism to lipid metabolism as glucose use decreased. Level of evidence II; Comparative prospective study.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Se estudiaron los efectos de la antigravedad en el hígado utilizando un modelo de ratón macho en prueba de suspensión de la cola (TS, tail suspension). Métodos: Se examinaron los efectos de la TS a las 0, 2 y 4 semanas (grupos CON, TS2 y TS4) sobre el contenido de glucógeno y lípidos, así como sobre los procesos moleculares de las vías de síntesis y degradación. Resultados: (1) El número de glucogenosomas ultraestructurales y el contenido de glucógeno fueron expresivamente más altos en el grupo TS4 que en los otros dos grupos. (2) En el grupo TS4, la actividad de la glucógeno sintasa se mantuvo constante, mientras que la actividad de la glucógeno fosforilasa disminuyó, lo que indica que la degradación del glucógeno se redujo. (3) Los hígados del grupo TS2 presentaron el mayor contenido de lípidos y triglicéridos, lo que indica la acumulación de lípidos en el hígado en ese momento. (4) En el grupo TS2, la actividad de los factores relacionados con la síntesis de ácidos grasos acetil-CoA carboxilasa y ácido graso sintasa aumentó, mientras que la lipasa hepática disminuyó, indicando que la síntesis de lípidos aumentó mientras que la descomposición disminuyó. (5) En el grupo TS2, la expresión proteica de los transportadores de glucosa 1 y 2 aumentó. Conclusiones: Desde la semana TS2 hasta la semana TS4, el principal modo de consumo de energía en el hígado de los ratones pasó del metabolismo de la glucosa al metabolismo de los lípidos a medida que disminuía el uso de la glucosa. Nivel de Evidencia II, Estudio retrospectivo comparativo.

RESUMO Objetivos: Os efeitos da antigravidade no fígado foram estudados usando um modelo de camundongo macho com a suspensão pela cauda (TS, tail suspension). Métodos: Foram examinados os efeitos da TS em 0, 2 e 4 semanas (grupos CON, TS2 e TS4) sobre o conteúdo de glicogênio e lipídios, bem como nos processos moleculares das vias de síntese e degradação. Resultados: (1) O número de glicogenossomos ultraestruturais e o teor de glicogênio foram expressivamente maiores no grupo TS4 do que nos outros dois grupos. (2) No grupo TS4, a atividade de glicogênio sintase permaneceu constante, enquanto a atividade de glicogênio fosforilase caiu, indicando que a degradação do glicogênio foi reduzida. (3) Os fígados do grupo TS2 tiveram o maior teor lipídico e de triglicérides, indicando acúmulo de lipídios no fígado no momento. (4) No grupo TS2, a atividade dos fatores relacionados com a síntese de ácidos graxos acetil-CoA carboxilase e ácido graxo sintase aumentaram, enquanto a lipase hepática diminuiu, indicando que a síntese de lipídios aumentou, enquanto a decomposição diminuiu. (5) No grupo TS2, a expressão proteica dos transportadores de glicose 1 e 2 aumentou. Conclusões: De TS2 semanas para TS4 semanas, o principal modo de consumo de energia no fígado de camundongos passou do metabolismo da glicose para o metabolismo lipídico, à medida que o uso de glicose diminuiu. Nível de evidência II, Estudo retrospectivo comparativo.

ABSTRACT To explore the functions of Txnip and its mechanism in adipocyte differentiation, the preadipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of three-day-old piglets and induced into adipogenic differentiation. The expression of Txnip and ChREBP was silenced, and the Txnip overexpression was achieved in the cells with transfection of the recombinant lentivirus strategies. Txnip silencing promoted the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes and PPARγ expression, and a PPARγ inhibitor reduced this facilitation. Instead, Txnip overexpression exerted a suppressive effect on the cell differentiation and PPARγ expression, and the PPARγ agonist offset this inhibition. High glucose stimulated the preadipocyte differentiation and expressions of ChREBP and Txnip. In contrast, Txnip expression was reduced by ChREBP silencing, suggesting glucose-regulated Txnip expression through the mediation of ChREBP. Moreover, the expressions of ChREBP and Glut4 induced by high glucose and glucose uptake of the cells were reduced by Txnip-overexpression, but increased by Txnip silencing, while these changes of Txnip did not alter their expressions under low glucose. Collectively, Txnip could be an inhibitor of porcine preadipocyte differentiation, which attenuated the adipogenesis through the negative feedback regulation on PPARγ. Txnip impaired the induction of glucose on the preadipocyte differentiation through decreasing Glut4 expression and glucose uptake and subsequent decrease of the expression and transcriptional activity of ChREBP. threedayold three day old silenced strategies facilitation Instead inhibition contrast glucoseregulated regulated Moreover Glut Txnipoverexpression, Txnipoverexpression overexpression, Txnip-overexpression Collectively

Precipitation interpolation is widely used to generate continuous rainfall surfaces for hydrological simulations. However, increasing the precision of values at the unknown points generated by different spatial interpolation methods is challenging. This study used the Chaohe River Basin, which is an important source of Beijing's drinking water, as a research area to comprehensively evaluate several precipitation interpolation methods (Thiessen polygon, inverse distance weighting, ordinary kriging and ANUSPLIN) for inputs in hydrological simulations. This research showed that the precipitation time-series surface generated using the ANUSPLIN interpolation method had higher accuracy and reliability. Using this precipitation input to drive the hydrological models, we explored the parameter uncertainties of four typical hydrological models (GR4J, IHACRES, Sacramento and MIKE SHE) based on the multi-objective generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method. The GLUE method was used to study the parameter sensitivity and uncertainty of the model. Results showed that the ANUSPLIN precipitation interpolation surface combined with the Sacramento model performed best. The multi-objective GLUE method had obvious advantages in parameter uncertainty analysis in hydrological models. Simultaneously exploring the convex line and point density distributions of the behavioural parameters with multi-objective functions determined their distribution and sensitivity more effectively.

Abstract Objective: Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world. Research on the pathogenesis and detailed molecular mechanisms of liver cancer is very important. The immune system plays an important role in regulating the incidence and metastasis of liver cancer. Materials and methods: This work collected 20 blood samples from patients with clinical hepatocellular carcinoma without metastasis, 20 blood samples from patients with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, and 20 blood samples from healthy subjects. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the content of Treg and Th2 cells in the three groups of blood samples. Immunofluorescence was applied to analyze the relative expression of CTLA-4 and CD28 in lymphocytes of each group of blood samples. Western blot was used to analyze the T cell surface protein CTLA-4, CD28, GATA3, and FOXP3 expression in each group of blood samples. Results: The expression of CD28 and GATA3 in the blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma without metastasis was obviously higher than that of patients with metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma, which is contrary to the expression trend of CTLA-4 and FOXP3, and corresponds to the content ratio of Treg and Th2 cells, thus verifying the relationship between Treg/Th2 ratio and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions: In the microenvironment of liver cancer, the ratio of Treg/Th2 will increase significantly, thereby promoting the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Resumen Objetivo: El cáncer de hígado es el quinto cáncer más común en el mundo. La investigación sobre la patogenia y los mecanismos moleculares detallados del cáncer de hígado es muy importante. El sistema inmunológico juega un papel importante en la regulación de la incidencia y metástasis del cáncer de hígado. Material y métodos: Este trabajo recogió 20 muestras de sangre de pacientes con carcinoma hepatocelular clínico sin metástasis, 20 muestras de sangre de pacientes con carcinoma hepatocelular metastásico y 20 muestras de sangre de sujetos sanos. Se utilizó citometría de flujo para analizar el contenido de células Treg y Th2 en los tres grupos de muestras de sangre. Se aplicó inmunofluorescencia para analizar la expresión relativa de CTLA-4 y CD28 en linfocitos de cada grupo de muestras de sangre. Se utilizó Western blot para analizar la expresión de la proteína de superficie de células T CTLA-4, CD28, GATA3, FOXP3 en cada grupo de muestras de sangre. Resultados: La expresión de CD28 y GATA3 en la sangre de pacientes con carcinoma hepatocelular sin metástasis fue obviamente mayor que la de pacientes con metástasis de carcinoma hepatocelular, lo cual es contrario a la tendencia de expresión de CTLA-4 y FOXP3, y corresponde al contenido relación de células Treg y Th2, verificando así la relación entre la relación Treg/Th2 y la metástasis del carcinoma hepatocelular. Conclusiones: En el microambiente del cáncer de hígado, la proporción de Treg/Th2 aumentará significativamente, promoviendo así la metástasis del carcinoma hepatocelular.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate a practical nomogram to predict the occurrence of post-traumatic hydrocephalus in patients who have undergone decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury. METHODS: A total of 516 cases were enrolled and divided into the training (n=364) and validation (n=152) cohorts. Optimal predictors were selected through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis of the training cohort then used to develop a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis, respectively, were used to evaluate the discrimination, fitting performance, and clinical utility of the resulting nomogram in the validation cohort. RESULTS: Preoperative subarachnoid hemorrhage Fisher grade, type of decompressive craniectomy, transcalvarial herniation volume, subdural hygroma, and functional outcome were all identified as predictors and included in the predicting model. The nomogram exhibited good discrimination in the validation cohort and had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (95%CI 0.72–0.88). The calibration plot demonstrated goodness-of-fit between the nomogram’s prediction and actual observation in the validation cohort. Finally, decision curve analysis indicated significant clinical adaptability. CONCLUSION: The present study developed and validated a model to predict post-traumatic hydrocephalus. The nomogram that had good discrimination, calibration, and clinical practicality can be useful for screening patients at a high risk of post-traumatic hydrocephalus. The nomogram can also be used in clinical practice to develop better therapeutic strategies.

Abstract The aims of this study were to analyze the coding region sequence of the SIRT5 gene and to explore the association of SIRT5 gene expression with meat quality traits in the F1 generation of wild boar × Kele pigs (Yeke F1). In this study, two SNPs (g.5753 A > G, g.16916 A > G) were found in the CDS region of the SIRT5 that could affect meat quality. SIRT5 was an unstable hydrophilic protein with a highly conservative structure of the SIR2 functional domain. The expression of SIRT5 in subcutaneous fat was significantly higher than that of the longissimus dorsi muscle from Yeke F1 pigs (P < 0.01). The expression level of SIRT5 negatively correlated with meat color (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with the pH1 (P < 0.05) in longissimus dorsi muscle. Expression of SIRT5 was positively correlated with meat tenderness, muscle moisture, heptadecanoic acid, elmintic acid and methyl nervonate (P < 0.01); however, it was negatively correlated with intramuscular fat content, myristic acid, stearic acid and trans linoleic acid (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous fat. This study indicated that SIRT5 could be used as a candidate gene for regulating intramuscular fat content and flavor indexes of Yeke F1 pigs.

Abstract The aim of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Sichuan pickle and to assess their probiotic potential. Total of 66 LAB were isolated from 2 types of Sichuan pickle based on their morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genotypic characteristics. Then, 6 strains (BH6, BH9, BH18, BH46, BH48, BH59) were selected as candidates for further studies. The in vitro experiment showed that the cholesterol degradation rate of 4 strains BH6, BH9, BH59 exceeded 60%. And the triglyceride degradation rate of 3 strains BH6, BH9, BH18 was more than 17%. Out of 6 tested LAB strains, most of them (BH6, BH9, BH18, BH48, BH59) exhibited moderate to high survivability (59%-90%) under high concentration of bile salt (3%) and their survival rate was 72%-95% (BH6,BH18,BH46,BH48,BH59) at low pH conditions. The in vitro experiment showed that all LAB strains inhibited the growth of tested pathogenic microorganisms. Based on the results of presently in vitro experiments, it was concluded that the BH6 isolate had better cholesterol lowering ability (65.36%), triglyceride degradation ability (18.97%), bile salt tolerance and bacteriostatic ability. The potential LAB strain, BH6 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by 16S rRNA sequencing. In conclusion, the strain BH6 screened from Sichuan pickle had good ability to degrade cholesterol and triglyceride; and it had better tolerance to acid and bile salt; which also had good bacteriostatic ability. Therefor the strain BH6 has the potential to be used as edible probiotics.

Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate DHA’s effect and relative mechanisms in diabetic keratopathy (DK) treatment by vitro study. Methods and materials: Using high glucose to make DK cell model; measuring cell apoptosis by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining; evaluating cell migration abilities by wound healing assay; relative gene and proteins including PEDF, VEGF, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and NF-κB(p65) expression by RT-qPCR and WB assay; And evaluatign PDEF and p-NF-κB(p65) protein expression by immunofluorescence detection. Results: After high glucose treatment, TKE-2 cell apoptosis was significantly increased and cell migration ability was significantly depressed with PEDF, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and NF-κB(p65) gene and protein significantly increasing and VEGF expression significantly depressing (P < 0.001, respectively); with DHA supplement, TKE-2 cell biological activities were significantly improved with relative gene and proteins significantly changed; However, with DHA and PEDF supplement, DHA’s treatment was disappeared with PEDF, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and NF-κB(p65) gene and protein significantly increasing and VEGF expression significantly depressing (P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: DHA had effects to improved DK by regulation PEDF pathway in vitro study.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the effects of Periplaneta americana L. on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by a combination of chronic stress (CS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid enema (TNBS) in rats. Methods: The experiment UC model with CS was established in rats by a combination of chronic restraint stress, excess failure, improper, and TNBS. The body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colonic mucosal injury index (CMDI), histopathological score (HS) and pro-inflammatory mediators were measured. The content of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in hypothalamus or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosteroids (CORT) in plasma were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proportion of T lymphocyte subsets was detected by flow cytometry, and gut microbiota was detected by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Results: Weight loss, DAI, CMDI, HS and proinflammatory mediators were reversed in rats by P. americana L. treatment after UC with CS. Increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) was observed in P. americana L. groups. In addition, P. americana L. could reduce the content of CRH and ACTH and regulate the ratio of CD3+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+CD25+/CD4+ in spleen. Comparably, P. americana L. changes composition of gut microbiota. Conclusions: The ethanol extract of Periplaneta Americana L. improves UC induced by a combination of CS and TNBS in rats.

Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the preparation-process parameters on calcium acetate from eggshell. Box-Behnken was employed for experimental design, and the optimal combination of reaction temperature, solid-liquid ratio, acetic acid concentration, primary reaction time and secondary reaction time for preparing calcium acetate was analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was used to fit the experimental data to the second-order polynomial equation, and appropriate statistical methods were used for analysis. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions of calcium acetate were as follows: reaction temperature of 39 °C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:12, acetic acid concentration of 159%, primary reaction time 1.5 h and secondary reaction time of 80min. Under the optimum preparation conditions, the experimental yield of calcium acetate was 96.5%, which was in good agreement with the predicted value.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major public health problem with a huge economic burden worldwide. Ulinastatin (UTI), a serine protease inhibitor, has been reported to be anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, and organ protection by reducing reactive oxygen species production, and inflammation. Necroptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism that plays a vital role in neuronal cell death after ICH. However, the neuroprotection of UTI in ICH has not been confirmed, and the potential mechanism is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotection and potential molecular mechanisms of UTI in ICH-induced EBI in a C57BL/6 mouse model. Methods: The neurological score, brain water content, neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, and neuronal damage were evaluated. The anti-inflammation effectiveness of UTI in ICH patients also was evaluated. Results: UTI treatment markedly increased the neurological score, alleviate the brain edema, decreased the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑6, NF‑κB levels, and RIP1/RIP3, which indicated that UTI-mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation, and necroptosis alleviated neuronal damage after ICH. UTI also can decrease the inflammatory cytokine of ICH patients. The neuroprotective capacity of UTI is partly dependent on the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions: UTI improves neurological outcomes in mice and reduces neuronal death by protecting against neural neuroinflammation, and necroptosis.

Abstract The percentage of obese individuals continues to grow worldwide, and the main factor leading to obesity is the imbalance of energy intake and consumption. The intestinal flora has important regulatory roles in metabolic disorders and obesity. Compared with normal-weight individuals, those that are obese showed remarkable changes in the composition of the intestinal flora. Several studies have reported that probiotics can reverse high-fat diet-induced obesity. Thus, altering the intestinal flora may be an effective approach to control or even prevent obesity, and some probiotics have been demonstrated to have effects on obesity. The purpose of this review is to summarize the experimental means used to study probiotics and obesity and to summarize the weight-loss effects and mechanisms of action of experimental and clinical probiotics, so as to help investigators understand the latest benefits of weight-loss probiotics and to provide a reference for follow-up research in this field.